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A Brief Review of Recent Developments in the Integration of Deep Learning with GIS
Corresponding Author(s) : Shyama Mohan
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
The interaction of Deep Learning (DL) methods with Geographical Information System (GIS) provides the opportunity to obtain new insights into environmental processes through the spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions as well as data integration. The two technologies may be connected to form a dynamic system that is incredibly well adapted to the evaluation of environmental conditions through the interrelationships of texture, size, pattern, and process. This perspective has acquired popularity in multiple disciplines. GIS is significantly dependant on processors, particularly for 3D calculations, map rendering, and route calculation whereas DL can process huge amounts of data. DL has received a lot of attention recently as a technology with a plethora of promising results. Furthermore, the growing use of DL methods in a variety of disciplines, including GIS, is evident. This study tries to provide a brief overview of the use of DL methods in GIS. This paper introduces the essential DL concepts relevant to GIS, the majority of which have been published in recent years. This research explores remote sensing applications and technologies in areas such as mapping, hydrological modelling, disaster management, and transportation route planning. Finally, conclusions on contemporary framework methodologies and suggestions for further studies are provided.
Keywords
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- Liu Y., Chen X., Wang Z., Wang Z.J., Ward R.K., Wang X.: Deep learning for pixel-level image fusion: Recent advances and future prospects. Inf. Fusion, vol. 42, 2018, pp. 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2017.10.007.
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References
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Ma L., Liu Y., Zhang X., Ye Y., Yin G., Johnson B.: Deep learning in remote sensing applications: A meta-analysis and review. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 152, 2019, pp. 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.04.015.
Zhu X.X., Tuia D., Mou L., Xia G., Zhang L., Xu F., Fraundorfer F.: Deep Learning in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review and List of Resources. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4, 2017, pp. 8–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2017.2762307.
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Zhao J., Fan W., Zhai X.: Identification of land-use characteristics using bicycle sharing data: A deep learning approach. Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 82, 2020, 102562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102562.
Wu A.N., Biljecki F.: Roofpedia: Automatic mapping of green and solar roofs for an open roofscape registry and evaluation of urban sustainability. Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 214, 2021, 104167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104167.
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Mubin N.A., Nadarajoo E., Shafri H.Z.M., Hamedianfar A.: Young and mature oil palm tree detection and counting using convolutional neural network deep learning method. International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 40(19), 2019, pp. 7500–7515. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1569282.
Li W., He C., Fang J., Zheng J., Fu H., Yu L.: Semantic Segmentation-Based Building Footprint Extraction Using Very High-Resolution Satellite Images and Multi-Source GIS Data. Remote Sensing, vol. 11(4), 2019, 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040403.
Kearney S.P., Coops N.C., Sethi S., Stenhouse G.B.: Maintaining accurate, current, rural road network data: An extraction and updating routine using RapidEye, participatory GIS and DL. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 87, 2020, 102031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2019.102031.
Servizi V., Petersen N.C., Pereira F.C., Nielsen O.A.: Stop detection for smartphone-based travel surveys using geo-spatial context and artificial neural networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 121, 2020, 102834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2020.102834.
Malaainine M., Lechgar H., Rhinane H.: YOLOv2 Deep Learning Model and GIS Based Algorithms for Vehicle Tracking. Journal of Geographic Information System, vol. 13, 2021, pp. 395–409. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.134022.
Bi H., Shang W.-L., Chen Y., Wang K., Yu Q., Sui Y.: GIS aided sustainable urban road management with a unifying queueing and neural network model. Applied Energy, vol. 291, 2021, 116818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116818.
Yang Y., Rosenbaum M.S.: Artificial neural networks linked to GIS. [in:] Nikravesh M., Aminzadeh F., Zadeh L.A. (eds.), Soft Computing and Intelligent Data Analysis in Oil Exploration, Developments in Petroleum Science, vol. 51, Elsevier, 2003, pp. 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7361(03)80032-8.
Dixon B.: Applicability of neuro-fuzzy techniques in predicting ground-water vulnerability: a GIS-based sensitivity analysis. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 309(1–4), 2005, pp. 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.010.
Almasri M.N., Kaluarachchi J.J.: Modular neural networks to predict the nitrate distribution in ground water using the on-ground nitrogen loading and recharge data. Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 20(7), 2005, pp. 851–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.001.
Rohmat F.I.W., Labadie J.W., Gates T.K.: Deep learning for compute-efficient modeling of BMP impacts on stream-aquifer exchange and water law compliance in an irrigated river basin. Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 122, 2019, 104529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104529.
Apaydin H., Sattari M.T.: Deep-learning GIS hybrid approach in precipitation modeling based on spatio-temporal variables in the coastal zone of Turkey. Climate Research, vol. 81, 2020, pp. 149–165. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01612.
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