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Land Consolidation Considering Natural Afforestation
Corresponding Author(s) : Mykola Malashevskyi
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
The article highlights the problem of natural agricultural-land afforestation with insufficient forest cover of the area. The article purports to substantiate land consolidation aimed at the rationalisation of agricultural and forest land management in such conditions. The authors identify the main approaches to the issue of natural agricultural land afforestation. The afforested areas of agricultural land are suggested for redesignation as a forest resource as a result of a swap and reallotment of land plots. As an example, consolidation of available land, in the conditions of natural afforestation, has been accomplished based on a number of land masses in Chernihiv Oblast´, Ukraine. Resulting from the project implementation, better configuration and improved layout of agricultural land plots have been achieved, while the length and placement of country lanes have been optimized. The reforested agricultural areas within the specific land mass have been redesignated as a forest resource. The advantages and disadvantages of natural afforestation in land consolidation are identified in contrast to alternative approaches.
The research findings can be used by territorial communities in the upgrade of land management practices, laying out and redesign of landscape parks and other nature conservation areas that include areas of business activity.
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- Giovarelli R., Bledsoe D.: Land Reform in Eastern Europe – Western CIS, Transcaucuses, Balkans, and EU Accession Countries. Seattle, Washington 2021.
- Vitikainen A.: An Overview of Land Consolidation in Europe. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2014, pp. 25–44.
- Demetriou D., Stillwell J., See L.: Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required? Land Use Policy, vol. 29, no. 1, 2012, pp. 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.012.
- Malashevskyi M., Kovalchuk I., Malashevska O.: Land Reallotment over the Course of the Development of a Rural Settlement in Ukraine. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, vol. 14, no. 3, 2021, pp. 115–127. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2021.15.3.115.
- Gniadek J., Pijanowski J.M., Śmigielski M.: Impact of the forest succession on efficiency of the arable land production. Journal of Water and Land Development, no. 34, 2017, pp. 131 138. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0046.
- Liepins K., Lazdins A., Lazdina D., Daugaviete M., Miezite O.: Naturally afforested agricultural lands in Latvia – Assessment of available timber resources and potential productivity. [in:] 7th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, ICEE, 22–23 May 2008, Vilnius, Lithuania [conference paper ]. https://www.academia.edu/22725390/Naturally_afforested_agricultural_lands_in_Latvia_assessment_of_available_timber_resources_and_potential_productivity [access: 3.09.2021].
- Cukor J., Vacek Zd., Linda R., Sharma R., Vacek S.: Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests. PLOS ONE, vol. 14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221082.
- Kies U., Peter A.: Forest land consolidation of community forests in North Rhine-Westphalia. Readjustment of property as a solution for land fragmentation and inactive small-scale private forest owners in Germany. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34389.99047.
- Kolis K.: Jointly Owned Forests and Forest Land Consolidation – Increasing the Stand Size in Fragmented Areas. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research (NJSR), vol. 11, no. 1, 2016, pp. 7–17.
- Kurttila M., Uuttera J., Mykrä S., Kurki S., Pukkala T.: Decreasing the fragmentation of old forests in landscapes involving multiple ownership in Finland: economic, social and ecological consequences. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 166, 2002, pp. 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00663-6.
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- Hartvigsen M.: Experiences with land consolidation and land banking in Сentral and Еastern Еurope after 1989. Rome, 2015. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4352e.pdf [access: 28.08.2021].
- Malashevskyi M., Palamar A., Malanchuk M., Bugaienko O.: The possibilities of sustainable land use formation in Ukraine. Geodesy and Cartography, vol. 46, no. 2, 2020, pp. 83–88. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2020.7480.
- The World Bank: Forest area (% of land area). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?name_desc=false [access: 28.07.2021].
- State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine: On the approval of indicators of regional standards for the optimal list of the territory of Ukraine. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/card/z0610-09?lang=en [access: 10.08.2021].
- FAO and UNEP: The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome 2020. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8642en.
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine as of June, 16, 1992 № 2456-XII. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 34, 1992, art. 502. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2456-12#Text [access: 15.07.2021].
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Chernigiv Oblast Administrative Department: Mizhrichynskyi Landscape Park Statute. https://eco.cg.gov.ua/index.php?id=28170&tp=1&pg= [access: 28.07.2021].
- Public cadastral map: https://map.land.gov.ua [access: 10.04.2021].
- Liu L., Sun H.: The Impact of Collective Forestland Tenure Reform on the Forest Economic Efficiency of Farmers in Zhejiang Province. Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 8, 2019, 2272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082272.
- President of Ukraine: On Some Measures on Forest Conservation and Reproduction. https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/2282021-39089 [access: 9.06.2021].
- ICO “Environment-People-Law”: Unaccounted forests of Ukraine. http://epl.org.ua/en/eco-analytics/neoblikovani-lisy-ukrayiny-analitychna-zapyska/ [access: 15.07.2021].
- Ukrinform: Ukraine should increase the area of forests and transfer them to private ownership – experts. https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-economy/3236817-ukraini-slid-zbilsuvati-plosilisiv-i-perevoditi-ih-u-privat-nu-vlasnist-eksperti.html [access: 28.04.2021].
- Malashevskyi M., Malashevska O.: The land plots reallocation algorithm development in the course of land consolidation in Ukraine. ScienceRise, vol. 7, 2019, pp. 24–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2019.173418.
- Bugaienko O.: The land reallocation model in the course of agricultural land consolidation in Ukraine. Geodesy and Cartography, vol. 44, no. 3, 2018, pp. 106–112. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2018.2049.
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: On the Order of Land Plots Demarcation Afield for Land Plots (Shares) Owners. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 38, 2003, art. 314. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/899-15#Text [access: 28.04.2021].
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Civil Code of Ukraine as of January, 16, 2003 № 435-IV. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 40, 2003, art. 356. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/435-15/card2#Card [access: 15.07.2021].
- The State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre: Мonitoring of land relationships in Ukraine. https://land.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/monitoring.pdf [access: 26.08.2021].
- TOP-5 regions of Ukraine for a number and areas of non recalled land share. https://superagronom.com/news/5861-top-5-oblastey-ukrayini-za-kilkistyu-ta-ploschami-nevitrebuvanih-payiv [access: 26.08.2021].
- The State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre: Draft Law of Ukraine on Introducing Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Land Consolidation. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=71783 [access: 28.04.2021].
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Land Code of Ukraine as of October 25, 2001 № 2768-III. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 3–4, 2002, art. 27. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14 [access: 13.02.2021].
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Forest Code of Ukraine as of January, 21, 1994№ 3852-XII. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 17, 1994, art. 99. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3852-12#Text [access: 15.07.2020].
References
Giovarelli R., Bledsoe D.: Land Reform in Eastern Europe – Western CIS, Transcaucuses, Balkans, and EU Accession Countries. Seattle, Washington 2021.
Vitikainen A.: An Overview of Land Consolidation in Europe. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2014, pp. 25–44.
Demetriou D., Stillwell J., See L.: Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required? Land Use Policy, vol. 29, no. 1, 2012, pp. 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.012.
Malashevskyi M., Kovalchuk I., Malashevska O.: Land Reallotment over the Course of the Development of a Rural Settlement in Ukraine. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, vol. 14, no. 3, 2021, pp. 115–127. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2021.15.3.115.
Gniadek J., Pijanowski J.M., Śmigielski M.: Impact of the forest succession on efficiency of the arable land production. Journal of Water and Land Development, no. 34, 2017, pp. 131 138. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0046.
Liepins K., Lazdins A., Lazdina D., Daugaviete M., Miezite O.: Naturally afforested agricultural lands in Latvia – Assessment of available timber resources and potential productivity. [in:] 7th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, ICEE, 22–23 May 2008, Vilnius, Lithuania [conference paper ]. https://www.academia.edu/22725390/Naturally_afforested_agricultural_lands_in_Latvia_assessment_of_available_timber_resources_and_potential_productivity [access: 3.09.2021].
Cukor J., Vacek Zd., Linda R., Sharma R., Vacek S.: Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests. PLOS ONE, vol. 14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221082.
Kies U., Peter A.: Forest land consolidation of community forests in North Rhine-Westphalia. Readjustment of property as a solution for land fragmentation and inactive small-scale private forest owners in Germany. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34389.99047.
Kolis K.: Jointly Owned Forests and Forest Land Consolidation – Increasing the Stand Size in Fragmented Areas. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research (NJSR), vol. 11, no. 1, 2016, pp. 7–17.
Kurttila M., Uuttera J., Mykrä S., Kurki S., Pukkala T.: Decreasing the fragmentation of old forests in landscapes involving multiple ownership in Finland: economic, social and ecological consequences. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 166, 2002, pp. 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00663-6.
Malashevskyi M., Palamar A., Malanchuk M., Bugaienko O., Tarnopolsky E.: The Opportunities for use the peer land exchange during land management in Ukraine. Geodesy and Cartography, vol. 42, no. 4, 2018, pp. 129–133.
Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine: Self-planted forests could increase the forest area of Ukraine by 300 000 ha. https://mepr.gov.ua/news/37489.html [access: 02.06.2021].
Hartvigsen M.: Experiences with land consolidation and land banking in Сentral and Еastern Еurope after 1989. Rome, 2015. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4352e.pdf [access: 28.08.2021].
Malashevskyi M., Palamar A., Malanchuk M., Bugaienko O.: The possibilities of sustainable land use formation in Ukraine. Geodesy and Cartography, vol. 46, no. 2, 2020, pp. 83–88. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2020.7480.
The World Bank: Forest area (% of land area). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?name_desc=false [access: 28.07.2021].
State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine: On the approval of indicators of regional standards for the optimal list of the territory of Ukraine. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/card/z0610-09?lang=en [access: 10.08.2021].
FAO and UNEP: The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome 2020. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8642en.
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine as of June, 16, 1992 № 2456-XII. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 34, 1992, art. 502. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2456-12#Text [access: 15.07.2021].
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Chernigiv Oblast Administrative Department: Mizhrichynskyi Landscape Park Statute. https://eco.cg.gov.ua/index.php?id=28170&tp=1&pg= [access: 28.07.2021].
Public cadastral map: https://map.land.gov.ua [access: 10.04.2021].
Liu L., Sun H.: The Impact of Collective Forestland Tenure Reform on the Forest Economic Efficiency of Farmers in Zhejiang Province. Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 8, 2019, 2272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082272.
President of Ukraine: On Some Measures on Forest Conservation and Reproduction. https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/2282021-39089 [access: 9.06.2021].
ICO “Environment-People-Law”: Unaccounted forests of Ukraine. http://epl.org.ua/en/eco-analytics/neoblikovani-lisy-ukrayiny-analitychna-zapyska/ [access: 15.07.2021].
Ukrinform: Ukraine should increase the area of forests and transfer them to private ownership – experts. https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-economy/3236817-ukraini-slid-zbilsuvati-plosilisiv-i-perevoditi-ih-u-privat-nu-vlasnist-eksperti.html [access: 28.04.2021].
Malashevskyi M., Malashevska O.: The land plots reallocation algorithm development in the course of land consolidation in Ukraine. ScienceRise, vol. 7, 2019, pp. 24–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2019.173418.
Bugaienko O.: The land reallocation model in the course of agricultural land consolidation in Ukraine. Geodesy and Cartography, vol. 44, no. 3, 2018, pp. 106–112. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2018.2049.
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: On the Order of Land Plots Demarcation Afield for Land Plots (Shares) Owners. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 38, 2003, art. 314. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/899-15#Text [access: 28.04.2021].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Civil Code of Ukraine as of January, 16, 2003 № 435-IV. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 40, 2003, art. 356. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/435-15/card2#Card [access: 15.07.2021].
The State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre: Мonitoring of land relationships in Ukraine. https://land.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/monitoring.pdf [access: 26.08.2021].
TOP-5 regions of Ukraine for a number and areas of non recalled land share. https://superagronom.com/news/5861-top-5-oblastey-ukrayini-za-kilkistyu-ta-ploschami-nevitrebuvanih-payiv [access: 26.08.2021].
The State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre: Draft Law of Ukraine on Introducing Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Land Consolidation. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=71783 [access: 28.04.2021].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Land Code of Ukraine as of October 25, 2001 № 2768-III. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 3–4, 2002, art. 27. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14 [access: 13.02.2021].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine: The Forest Code of Ukraine as of January, 21, 1994№ 3852-XII. Bulletin of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, no. 17, 1994, art. 99. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3852-12#Text [access: 15.07.2020].