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Passive Restoration of the Mountain Fens of the Caltho‑Alnetum Community in the Babia Góra National Park
Corresponding Author(s) : Paweł Nicia
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
Hydrogenic habitats play important ecological roles, particularly in mountain areas. In mountain areas, surface layers typically contain large concentrations of organic matter and are capable of accumulating large volumes of water. This has a positive impact on water management. Due to its specific properties, the soil in hydrogenic habitats supports many rare and often listed species of fauna and flora. Such hydrogenic habitats include: low sedge mountain fens and mountain fens of the Caltho‑Alnetum community which, despite their limited areas, have a positive impact on biodiversity. In the 20th century, drainage due to land use changes caused the degradation of many such habitats. As a result, soils from the organic matter accumulation phase entered the decay phase. A consequence of the change in habitat conditions is the extinction of many plant and animal species of narrow ecological amplitude, usually classified as stenotopic species. To prevent the degradation of hydrogenic habitats, it is necessary to start their restoration processes, which should be the most effective and possibly least intrusive. The work discusses both the methodology and restoration procedures of selected degraded habitats of mountain fen of the Caltho‑Alnetum community in the Babia Góra National Park and presented the impact of those procedures on the water levels.
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- Verones F., Saner D., Pfister S., Baisero D., Rondini C., Hellweg S.: Effects of Consumptive Water Use on Biodiversity in Wetlands of International Importance. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, issue 21, 2013, pp. 12248–12257. https://doi.org/10.1021/es403635j.
- Schulz Ch., Branas M.M., Nunez C., Aquila Villacorta M., Laurie N., Lawson I.T., Roucoux K.H: Uses, cultural significance, and management of peatlands in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, vol. 235, July 2019, pp. 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.005.
- Bullock C.H., Collier M.J., Convery C.: Peatlands, their economic value and priorities for their future management – The example of Ireland. Land Use Policy, vol. 29, issue 4, October 2012, pp. 921–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landuse‑ pol.2012.01.010.
- Buschmann Ch., Röder N., Berglund K., Berlung Ö., Læke P.E., Maddison M., Mander Ü., Myllys M., Osterburg B., van den Akker J.J.H.: Perspectives on agriculturally used drained peat soils: Comparison of the socioeconomic and ecological business environments of six European regions. Land Use Policy, vol. 90, January 2020, 104181, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104181.
- Quinty F., Rochefort L.: Peatland Restoration Guide. 2nd ed. Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Association and New Brunswick Department of Natural Re‑ sources and Energy, Québec 2003.
- Price J., Heathwaite A., Baird A.: Hydrological processes in abandoned and restored peatlands: An overview of management approaches. Wetlands Ecology and Management, vol. 11, 2003, pp. 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022046409485.
- Komonen A., Grapputo A., Kaitala V., Kotiaho J.S., Paivinen J.: The role of niche breadth, resource availability and range position on the life history of butterflies. Oikos, vol. 105, 2004, pp. 41–54.
- Spitzer K., Danks H.V.: Insect biodiversity of boreal peat bogs. Annual Review of Entolmology, vol. 51, 2006, pp. 137–161.
- Nicia P., Bejger R., Sterzyńska M., Zadrożny P., Parzych P., Bieda A., Kwartnik‑Pruc A.: Recovery in soil cover and vegetation structure after ancient landslide in mountain fens under Caltho‑Alnetum community and response of soil microarthropods (Hexapoda: Collembola) to natural restoration process. Journal of Soils Sediments, vol. 20, 2020, no. 2, pp. 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368019-02434-z.
- Nicia P., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T., Bejger R.: Właściwości gleb i wód młaki Krowiarki pod zbiorowiskiem roślinnym bagiennej olszyny górskiej (Caltho‑Alnetum) w Babiogórskim Parku Narodowym. Woda‑Środowisko‑Obszary Wiejskie, t. 10, z. 1, 2010, pp. 123–132.
- Nicia P., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T.: General characteristic of selected soil profiles under the Caltho‑Alnetum association in the Babiogorski National Park. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A, vol. 16, no. 7, 2009, pp. 840–843.
- Nicia P., Bejger R., Sterzyńska M., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T., Stary J., Parzych P.: Restoration of hydroecological conditions in Carpathian forested mountain fens. Wetlands Ecology and Management, vol. 26, no. 4, 2018, pp. 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-017-9590-7.
- Nicia P., Bejger R., Zadrożny P., Sterzyńska M.: The impact of restoration processes on the selected soil properties and organic matter transformation of mountain fens under Caltho‑Alnetum community in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland. Journal of Soils and Sediments, vol. 18, no. 8, 2018, pp. 2770–2776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1909-8.
- Klimkowska A.: Rola glebowego banku nasion w renaturyzacji torfowisk na przykładzie Bagna Całowanie. Woda‑Środowisko‑Obszary Wiejskie, t. 6, z. 1, 2006, pp. 183–194.
- Rodney A.Ch., Cooper D.J., Bidwell M.D., Culpepper A., Zillich K., Nydick K.: A new method for restoring ditches in peatlands: ditch filling with fiber bales. Restoration Ecology, vol. 27, issue 1, 2019, pp. 63–69.
- Ilnicki P.: Torfowiska i torf. Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej im. A. Cieszkowskiego, Poznań 2002.
- Nicia P., Miechówka A.: The effect of human activities and atmospheric conditions on ionic composition of low sedge mountain eutrophic fen waters. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 16, no. 2A, part II, 2007, pp. 337–341.
- Sterzyńska M., Tajovsky K., Nicia P.: Contrasting responses of millipedes and terrestrial isopods to hydrologic regime changes in forested montane wetlands. European Journal of Soil Biology, vol. 68, 2015, pp. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2015.03.005.
References
Verones F., Saner D., Pfister S., Baisero D., Rondini C., Hellweg S.: Effects of Consumptive Water Use on Biodiversity in Wetlands of International Importance. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, issue 21, 2013, pp. 12248–12257. https://doi.org/10.1021/es403635j.
Schulz Ch., Branas M.M., Nunez C., Aquila Villacorta M., Laurie N., Lawson I.T., Roucoux K.H: Uses, cultural significance, and management of peatlands in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, vol. 235, July 2019, pp. 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.005.
Bullock C.H., Collier M.J., Convery C.: Peatlands, their economic value and priorities for their future management – The example of Ireland. Land Use Policy, vol. 29, issue 4, October 2012, pp. 921–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landuse‑ pol.2012.01.010.
Buschmann Ch., Röder N., Berglund K., Berlung Ö., Læke P.E., Maddison M., Mander Ü., Myllys M., Osterburg B., van den Akker J.J.H.: Perspectives on agriculturally used drained peat soils: Comparison of the socioeconomic and ecological business environments of six European regions. Land Use Policy, vol. 90, January 2020, 104181, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104181.
Quinty F., Rochefort L.: Peatland Restoration Guide. 2nd ed. Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Association and New Brunswick Department of Natural Re‑ sources and Energy, Québec 2003.
Price J., Heathwaite A., Baird A.: Hydrological processes in abandoned and restored peatlands: An overview of management approaches. Wetlands Ecology and Management, vol. 11, 2003, pp. 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022046409485.
Komonen A., Grapputo A., Kaitala V., Kotiaho J.S., Paivinen J.: The role of niche breadth, resource availability and range position on the life history of butterflies. Oikos, vol. 105, 2004, pp. 41–54.
Spitzer K., Danks H.V.: Insect biodiversity of boreal peat bogs. Annual Review of Entolmology, vol. 51, 2006, pp. 137–161.
Nicia P., Bejger R., Sterzyńska M., Zadrożny P., Parzych P., Bieda A., Kwartnik‑Pruc A.: Recovery in soil cover and vegetation structure after ancient landslide in mountain fens under Caltho‑Alnetum community and response of soil microarthropods (Hexapoda: Collembola) to natural restoration process. Journal of Soils Sediments, vol. 20, 2020, no. 2, pp. 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368019-02434-z.
Nicia P., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T., Bejger R.: Właściwości gleb i wód młaki Krowiarki pod zbiorowiskiem roślinnym bagiennej olszyny górskiej (Caltho‑Alnetum) w Babiogórskim Parku Narodowym. Woda‑Środowisko‑Obszary Wiejskie, t. 10, z. 1, 2010, pp. 123–132.
Nicia P., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T.: General characteristic of selected soil profiles under the Caltho‑Alnetum association in the Babiogorski National Park. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A, vol. 16, no. 7, 2009, pp. 840–843.
Nicia P., Bejger R., Sterzyńska M., Zadrożny P., Lamorski T., Stary J., Parzych P.: Restoration of hydroecological conditions in Carpathian forested mountain fens. Wetlands Ecology and Management, vol. 26, no. 4, 2018, pp. 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-017-9590-7.
Nicia P., Bejger R., Zadrożny P., Sterzyńska M.: The impact of restoration processes on the selected soil properties and organic matter transformation of mountain fens under Caltho‑Alnetum community in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland. Journal of Soils and Sediments, vol. 18, no. 8, 2018, pp. 2770–2776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1909-8.
Klimkowska A.: Rola glebowego banku nasion w renaturyzacji torfowisk na przykładzie Bagna Całowanie. Woda‑Środowisko‑Obszary Wiejskie, t. 6, z. 1, 2006, pp. 183–194.
Rodney A.Ch., Cooper D.J., Bidwell M.D., Culpepper A., Zillich K., Nydick K.: A new method for restoring ditches in peatlands: ditch filling with fiber bales. Restoration Ecology, vol. 27, issue 1, 2019, pp. 63–69.
Ilnicki P.: Torfowiska i torf. Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej im. A. Cieszkowskiego, Poznań 2002.
Nicia P., Miechówka A.: The effect of human activities and atmospheric conditions on ionic composition of low sedge mountain eutrophic fen waters. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 16, no. 2A, part II, 2007, pp. 337–341.
Sterzyńska M., Tajovsky K., Nicia P.: Contrasting responses of millipedes and terrestrial isopods to hydrologic regime changes in forested montane wetlands. European Journal of Soil Biology, vol. 68, 2015, pp. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2015.03.005.