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Instruments for Supporting Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals for Construction Sector – Case of Poland
Corresponding Author(s) : Kinga Szopińska
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
Currently, three billion people face dangerous levels of air pollution and rely on non-renewable energy sources for cooking and heating. Due to its environmental impact, the construction sector is a particularly important area for implementing sustainable development policies. On July 10, 2023, the UN published The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023 (SDGs). In accordance with the provisions of Goal 7 (which was discussed in the above document), the international community should increase its share of renewable energy sources in the global energy mix and promote investment in clean energy technologies by 2030. Achieving this goal necessitates the introduction of support mechanisms to enhance the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Hence, this study aims to showcase the legal and financial tools that aid the growth of energy-efficient construction in Poland, to compare the renovation costs of an existing residential building in order to meet energy-efficiency standards, and to detail the financial support that is available for planned thermal-modernization efforts.
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- The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. UN DESA, New York, USA, 2023. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ [access: 4.03.2024].
- World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2021. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345329 [access: 9.03.2023].
- Szopińska K., Cienciała A., Bieda A., Kwiecień J., Kulesza Ł. Parzych P.: Verification of the perception of the local community concerning air quality using ADMS-Roads modeling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19(17), 2022, 10908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710908.
- Li D.H., Yang L., Lam J.C.: Zero energy buildings and sustainable development implications – A review. Energy, vol. 54, 2013, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.070.
- Chel A., Kaushik G.: Renewable energy technologies for sustainable development of energy efficient building. Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57(2), 2018, pp. 655–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.027.
- Huang B., Xing K., Ness D., Liao L., Huang K., Xie P., Huang J.: Rethinking carbon-neutral built environment: Urban dynamics and scenario analysis. Energy and Buildings, vol. 255, 2022, 111672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111672.
- Carlander J., Thollander P.: Barriers to implementation of energy-efficient technologies in building construction projects – Results from a Swedish case study. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, vol. 11, 2023, 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2022.100097.
- Ramczyk M.: Economic conditions in the low-energy building industry in Poland. Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym, vol. 9(1), 2020, pp. 111–118. https://doi.org/10.17512/bozpe.2020.1.14.
- Ahmed A., Ge T., Peng J., Yan W.C., Tee B.T., You S.: Assessment of the renewable energy generation towards net-zero energy buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, vol. 256, 2022, 111755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111755.
- Sachanbińska-Dobrzyńska O.: A legal framework for energy-conscious urban planning in Poland and Germany. Energies, vol. 16(18), 2023, 6428. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186428.
- Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2002/91/oj.
- Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/32/oj.
- Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/28/oj.
- Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2010/31/oj.
- Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/27/oj.
- Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/844/oj.
- Directive (EU) 2023/1791 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on energy efficiency and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 (recast) (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/1791/oj.
- Ustawa z dnia 29 sierpnia 2014 r. o charakterystyce energetycznej budynków. Dz.U. 2014 poz. 1200 ze zm. [The Act of August 29, 2014 – Law on Energy Performance of Buildings. Journal of Laws of 2014, item 1200, as amended].
- Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. – Prawo budowlane. Dz.U. 1994 nr 89, poz. 414 ze zm. [The Act of July 7, 1994 – Construction Law. Journal of Laws of 1994 no. 89, item 414, as amended].
- Ustawa z dnia 27 kwietnia 2001 r. – Prawo ochrony środowiska. Dz.U. 2001 nr 62 poz. 627 ze zm. [The Act of April 27, 2001 – Environmental Protection Law. Journal of Laws of 2001 no. 62, item 627, as amended].
- Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. o gospodarce nieruchomościami. Dz.U. 1997 nr 115, poz. 741 ze zm. [The Act of August 21, 1997 on Real Estate Management. Journal of Laws of 1997 no. 115, item 741, as amended].
- Rozporządzenie Ministra Rozwoju z dnia 11 września 2020 r. w sprawie szczegółowego zakresu i formy projektu budowlanego. Dz.U. 2020 poz. 1609 [Regulation of the Minister of the Development of September 11, 2020 on the detailed scope and form of the construction project. Journal of Laws 2020 no. 1, item 1609].
- Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 12 kwietnia 2002 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać budynki i ich usytuowanie. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2022 poz. 1225 [Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of April 12, 2002 on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws 2022, item 1225].
- Ustawa z dnia 20 maja 2016 r. o efektywności energetycznej. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2021 poz. 2166 [The Act of May 20, 2016 on Energy Efficiency. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2021 no. 1, item 2166].
- National Energy and Climate Plan for the years 2021–2030 – submitted in 2019. https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/national-energy-and-climate-plan-for-the-years-2021-2030 [access: 20.03.2024].
- Krajewska M., Szopińska K.: Comparative analysis of heating, ventilation and electricity costs on the example of residential building in the near zero-energy standard. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, vol. 12(3), 2018, pp. 55–64. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2018.12.3.55.
- Álvarez-Diez S., Baixauli-Soler J.S., Lozano-Reina G., Rey D.R.L.: Subsidies for investing in energy efficiency measures: Applying a random forest model for unbalanced samples. Applied Energy, vol. 359, 2024, 122725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122725.
- Fleiter T., Worrell E., Eichhammer W.: Barriers to energy efficiency in industrial bottom-up energy demand models – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15(6), 2011, pp. 3099–3111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.03.025.
- Cagno E., Trianni A., Abeelen C., Worrell E., Miggiano F.: Barriers and drivers for energy efficiency: Different perspectives from an exploratory study in the Netherlands. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 102, 2015, pp. 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.1073.
- Pelenur M.J., Cruickshank H.J.: Closing the energy efficiency gap: a study linking demographics with barriers to adopting energy efficiency measures in the home. Energy, vol. 47(1), 2012, pp. 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.058.
- Program Czyste Powietrze [Clean Air Program]. https://czystepowietrze.gov.pl [access: 10.03.2024].
- Lista zielonych urządzeń i materiałów (ZUM) [List of Green Devices and Materials]. https://lista-zum.ios.edu.pl/ [access: 10.03.2024].
- National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFOŚiGW). http://www.nfosigw.gov.pl [access: 10.03.2024].
- Ustawa z dnia 21 listopada 2008 r. o wspieraniu termomodernizacji i remontów oraz o centralnej ewidencji emisyjności budynków. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2023 poz. 2496 [The Act of November 21, 2008 on Support for Thermomodernization and Renovation and the Central Record of Emission of Buildings. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2023 no. 1, item 2496].
- Szychulski K.: Analiza opłacalności wariantowych rozwiązań technologicznych wznoszenia budynku jednorodzinnego według standardu NF15 i NF 40 [Profitability analysis of variant technological solutions of construction of a single-family house according NF15 and NF40 standards]. Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 2018 [MSc thesis written under the supervision of K. Szopińska].
- Liu X., Lu S., Hughes P., Cai Z.: A comparative study of the status of GSHP applications in the United States and China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 48, 2015, pp. 558–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.035.
- Dadzie J., Runeson G., Ding G., Bondinuba F.K.: Barriers to adoption of sustainable technologies for energy-efficient building upgrade – Semi-structured interviews. Buildings, vol. 8(4), 2018, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8040057.
- Djokoto S.D., Dadzie J., Ohemeng-Ababio E.: Barriers to sustainable construction in the Ghanaian construction industry: Consultants perspectives. Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 7(1), 2014, 134. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v7n1p134.
- Satola D., Wiberg A.H., Singh M., Babu S., James B., Dixit M., Sharston R., Grynberg Y., Gustavsen A.: Comparative review of international approaches to net-zero buildings: Knowledge-sharing initiative to develop design strategies for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 71, 2022, pp. 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.10.005.
References
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. UN DESA, New York, USA, 2023. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ [access: 4.03.2024].
World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2021. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345329 [access: 9.03.2023].
Szopińska K., Cienciała A., Bieda A., Kwiecień J., Kulesza Ł. Parzych P.: Verification of the perception of the local community concerning air quality using ADMS-Roads modeling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19(17), 2022, 10908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710908.
Li D.H., Yang L., Lam J.C.: Zero energy buildings and sustainable development implications – A review. Energy, vol. 54, 2013, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.070.
Chel A., Kaushik G.: Renewable energy technologies for sustainable development of energy efficient building. Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57(2), 2018, pp. 655–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.027.
Huang B., Xing K., Ness D., Liao L., Huang K., Xie P., Huang J.: Rethinking carbon-neutral built environment: Urban dynamics and scenario analysis. Energy and Buildings, vol. 255, 2022, 111672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111672.
Carlander J., Thollander P.: Barriers to implementation of energy-efficient technologies in building construction projects – Results from a Swedish case study. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, vol. 11, 2023, 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2022.100097.
Ramczyk M.: Economic conditions in the low-energy building industry in Poland. Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym, vol. 9(1), 2020, pp. 111–118. https://doi.org/10.17512/bozpe.2020.1.14.
Ahmed A., Ge T., Peng J., Yan W.C., Tee B.T., You S.: Assessment of the renewable energy generation towards net-zero energy buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, vol. 256, 2022, 111755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111755.
Sachanbińska-Dobrzyńska O.: A legal framework for energy-conscious urban planning in Poland and Germany. Energies, vol. 16(18), 2023, 6428. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186428.
Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2002/91/oj.
Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/32/oj.
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/28/oj.
Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2010/31/oj.
Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/27/oj.
Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/844/oj.
Directive (EU) 2023/1791 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on energy efficiency and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 (recast) (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/1791/oj.
Ustawa z dnia 29 sierpnia 2014 r. o charakterystyce energetycznej budynków. Dz.U. 2014 poz. 1200 ze zm. [The Act of August 29, 2014 – Law on Energy Performance of Buildings. Journal of Laws of 2014, item 1200, as amended].
Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. – Prawo budowlane. Dz.U. 1994 nr 89, poz. 414 ze zm. [The Act of July 7, 1994 – Construction Law. Journal of Laws of 1994 no. 89, item 414, as amended].
Ustawa z dnia 27 kwietnia 2001 r. – Prawo ochrony środowiska. Dz.U. 2001 nr 62 poz. 627 ze zm. [The Act of April 27, 2001 – Environmental Protection Law. Journal of Laws of 2001 no. 62, item 627, as amended].
Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. o gospodarce nieruchomościami. Dz.U. 1997 nr 115, poz. 741 ze zm. [The Act of August 21, 1997 on Real Estate Management. Journal of Laws of 1997 no. 115, item 741, as amended].
Rozporządzenie Ministra Rozwoju z dnia 11 września 2020 r. w sprawie szczegółowego zakresu i formy projektu budowlanego. Dz.U. 2020 poz. 1609 [Regulation of the Minister of the Development of September 11, 2020 on the detailed scope and form of the construction project. Journal of Laws 2020 no. 1, item 1609].
Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 12 kwietnia 2002 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać budynki i ich usytuowanie. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2022 poz. 1225 [Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of April 12, 2002 on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws 2022, item 1225].
Ustawa z dnia 20 maja 2016 r. o efektywności energetycznej. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2021 poz. 2166 [The Act of May 20, 2016 on Energy Efficiency. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2021 no. 1, item 2166].
National Energy and Climate Plan for the years 2021–2030 – submitted in 2019. https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/national-energy-and-climate-plan-for-the-years-2021-2030 [access: 20.03.2024].
Krajewska M., Szopińska K.: Comparative analysis of heating, ventilation and electricity costs on the example of residential building in the near zero-energy standard. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, vol. 12(3), 2018, pp. 55–64. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2018.12.3.55.
Álvarez-Diez S., Baixauli-Soler J.S., Lozano-Reina G., Rey D.R.L.: Subsidies for investing in energy efficiency measures: Applying a random forest model for unbalanced samples. Applied Energy, vol. 359, 2024, 122725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122725.
Fleiter T., Worrell E., Eichhammer W.: Barriers to energy efficiency in industrial bottom-up energy demand models – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15(6), 2011, pp. 3099–3111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.03.025.
Cagno E., Trianni A., Abeelen C., Worrell E., Miggiano F.: Barriers and drivers for energy efficiency: Different perspectives from an exploratory study in the Netherlands. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 102, 2015, pp. 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.1073.
Pelenur M.J., Cruickshank H.J.: Closing the energy efficiency gap: a study linking demographics with barriers to adopting energy efficiency measures in the home. Energy, vol. 47(1), 2012, pp. 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.058.
Program Czyste Powietrze [Clean Air Program]. https://czystepowietrze.gov.pl [access: 10.03.2024].
Lista zielonych urządzeń i materiałów (ZUM) [List of Green Devices and Materials]. https://lista-zum.ios.edu.pl/ [access: 10.03.2024].
National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFOŚiGW). http://www.nfosigw.gov.pl [access: 10.03.2024].
Ustawa z dnia 21 listopada 2008 r. o wspieraniu termomodernizacji i remontów oraz o centralnej ewidencji emisyjności budynków. Tekst jednolity: Dz.U. 2023 poz. 2496 [The Act of November 21, 2008 on Support for Thermomodernization and Renovation and the Central Record of Emission of Buildings. Consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2023 no. 1, item 2496].
Szychulski K.: Analiza opłacalności wariantowych rozwiązań technologicznych wznoszenia budynku jednorodzinnego według standardu NF15 i NF 40 [Profitability analysis of variant technological solutions of construction of a single-family house according NF15 and NF40 standards]. Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 2018 [MSc thesis written under the supervision of K. Szopińska].
Liu X., Lu S., Hughes P., Cai Z.: A comparative study of the status of GSHP applications in the United States and China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 48, 2015, pp. 558–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.035.
Dadzie J., Runeson G., Ding G., Bondinuba F.K.: Barriers to adoption of sustainable technologies for energy-efficient building upgrade – Semi-structured interviews. Buildings, vol. 8(4), 2018, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8040057.
Djokoto S.D., Dadzie J., Ohemeng-Ababio E.: Barriers to sustainable construction in the Ghanaian construction industry: Consultants perspectives. Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 7(1), 2014, 134. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v7n1p134.
Satola D., Wiberg A.H., Singh M., Babu S., James B., Dixit M., Sharston R., Grynberg Y., Gustavsen A.: Comparative review of international approaches to net-zero buildings: Knowledge-sharing initiative to develop design strategies for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 71, 2022, pp. 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.10.005.