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Street Network Orientation, Entropy and Circuity of Eight Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Sylvia Agustina
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
Population growth and urban development in Indonesia have led to an increased demand for efficient road infrastructure to support economic activities and human mobility. The street network plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial structure and morphological characteristics of a city. This study aims to identify street network orientation, entropy, and circuity patterns and to classify their typologies across eight metropolitan cities in Indonesia. The analysis utilized secondary data from OpenStreetMap (OSM), processed through the OpenStreetMap NetworkX (OSMnx) software. The three main variables analyzed were orientation, entropy, and circuity. The results reveal that metropolitan cities in Indonesia exhibit varying street network patterns, which include both grid-like and dispersed forms. Based on the clustering analysis, the cities were grouped into four clusters: Cluster 1 comprises only Medan; Cluster 2 includes Surabaya; Cluster 3 comprises Bandung, Jakarta, Makassar, and Semarang; and Cluster 4 contains Bandar Lampung and Palembang. The results show that cities in different clusters require distinct planning approaches due to the varying characteristics of their street networks. These findings provide valuable insights into the organization and structure of urban street networks, offering a foundation for more efficient and sustainable transportation infrastructure planning at the national level.
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- Ayudya D., Ikaputra I.: Memahami perkembangan kota melalui urban morphology. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota, vol. 18(3), 2022, pp. 235–245. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v18i3.36135.
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- Mantra I.B.: Demografi Umum. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta 2011.
- Tjiptoherijanto P.: Urbanisasi dan pengembangan kota di Indonesia. Populasi, vol. 10(2), 2016, pp. 57–72. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12484.
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- Laeli S.: Analisis Cluster dengan Average Linkage Method dan Ward’s Method untuk Data Responden Nasabah Asuransi Jiwa Unit Link. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 2014.
- Rembulan G.D., Wijaya T., Palullungan D., Alfina K.N., Qurthuby M.: Kebijakan pemerintah mengenai coronavirus disease (COVID-19) di setiap provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis klaster. JIEMS (Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems), vol. 13(2), 2020, pp. 74–86. https://doi.org/10.30813/jiems.v13i2.2280.
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References
Ayudya D., Ikaputra I.: Memahami perkembangan kota melalui urban morphology. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota, vol. 18(3), 2022, pp. 235–245. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v18i3.36135.
Mataufani N.A., Rahayu P., Rini E.F.: Kenampakan fisik kota dan daerah peri urban Surakarta. Desa-Kota, vol. 2(2), 2020, 130. https://doi.org/10.20961/desa-kota.v2i2.41509.130-142.
Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS-Statistics Indonesia]: Statistik Indonesia 2024. Vol. 52 [Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2024]. BPS, Jakarta 2024.
Mantra I.B.: Demografi Umum. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta 2011.
Tjiptoherijanto P.: Urbanisasi dan pengembangan kota di Indonesia. Populasi, vol. 10(2), 2016, pp. 57–72. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12484.
Julkarnain, Syafaruddin, Chairunnisa: Analisis kecukupan layanan infrastruktur jalan dengan perbandingan tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk di Kota Pontianak. JeLAST: Jurnal Teknik Kelautan, PWK, Sipil, dan Tambang, vol. 6(2), 2019, pp. 1–5.
Boeing G.: Urban spatial order: Street network orientation, configuration, and entropy. Applied Network Science, vol. 4(1), 2019, pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-019-0189-1.
Jiang B.: A topological pattern of urban street networks: Universality and peculiarity. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 384(2), 2007, pp. 647–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.05.064.
Lukman W.K., Prakoso B.S.E.: Interaksi antara jaringan jalan dengan struktur ruang Kabupaten Kendal. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, vol. 9(4), 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348606229_Interaksi_Antara_Jaringan_Jalan_Dengan_Struktur_Ruang_Kabupaten_Kendal.
Fadila I., Alamsyah W., Basrin D.: Pemodelan pemetaan jaringan jalan dan tingkat kerusakan jalan menggunakan Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Jurnal Ilmiah Telsinas Elektro, Sipil dan Teknik Informatika, vol. 6(2), 2023, pp. 219–231. https://doi.org/10.38043/telsinas.v6i2.4875.
Lilley K.D.: Urban planning and the design of towns in the Middle Ages: The Earls of Devon and their ‘new towns’. Planning Perspectives, vol. 16(1), 2001, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02665430010000751.
Sarwanta, Abdulgani H., Arief O.: Model bangkitan dan tarikan pada pusat kegiatan perguruan tinggi di Kabupaten Indramayu. Jurnal Rekayasa Infrastruktur, vol. 8(1), 2022, pp. 38–45. https://doi.org/10.31943/jri.v8i1.162.
Boeing G.: The relative circuity of walkable and drivable urban street networks. Paper presented at Transportation Research Board 97th Annual Meeting. January 7–11, 2018, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3012678.
Boeing G.: OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 65, 2017, pp. 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004.
Boeing G.: A multi-scale analysis of 27,000 urban street networks: Every US city and town. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, vol. 47(3), 2020, pp. 460–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808318784595.
Shannon C.E.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27(4), 1948, pp. 623–656. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x.
Purnomo S.T., Sutadji E., Utomo W., Purnawirawan O., Farich R., Sulistianingsih A.S., Fajarwati M.R., Carina A., Gilang R.N.: Analisis Data Multivariat. Omera Pustaka, Banyumas 2022.
Laeli S.: Analisis Cluster dengan Average Linkage Method dan Ward’s Method untuk Data Responden Nasabah Asuransi Jiwa Unit Link. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 2014.
Rembulan G.D., Wijaya T., Palullungan D., Alfina K.N., Qurthuby M.: Kebijakan pemerintah mengenai coronavirus disease (COVID-19) di setiap provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis klaster. JIEMS (Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems), vol. 13(2), 2020, pp. 74–86. https://doi.org/10.30813/jiems.v13i2.2280.
Handoyo S.S., Afriansyah S.: Optimalisasi pengaturan lalu lintas Jalan Pemuda di wilayah DKI Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Logistik D III Transportasi UNJ, vol. 1(1), 2008, pp. 51–64.
Romdhoni M.F.: Historical evolution of placemaking in historic city of Palembang, Indonesia. International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research, vol. 4(2), 2020, 85. https://doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.4.2.85-100.
Damanik E.L., Hidayat, Sinaga R., Baiduri R., Matondang M.F.G.: A dazzling night vision: Medan Merdeka square, a historic inner-city area in Medan, Indonesia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 10, 2024, 100962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100962.
Rismaharini T.: Pengembangan infrastruktur kota Surabaya, antara problem dan solusi, [in:] Seminar Nasional: Aplikasi Teknologi Prasarana Perkotaan: Prosiding 2008, Tanggal, 31 Juli 2008, Surabaya, Program Diploma Teknik Sipil FTSP-ITS, Surabaya 2008, pp. 17–27.
Jihan J.C., Widyastuti A.S.A.: Pemetaan jaringan jalan terhadap aktivitas perdagangan dan jasa berbasis SIG di Kecamatan Sukolilo Surabaya Timur. WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA, vol. 14(2), 2016, pp. 50–55. https://doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v14i2.137.
Putra R.D.W., Indradjati R.P.N.: Studi deskriptif – evaluatif bentuk tipologi kawasan (pembelajaran dari Kota Surabaya). Jurnal Pengembangan Kota, vol. 9(2), 2021, pp. 124–142. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.9.2.124-142.
Rukayah R.S., Syafei W.A., Abdullah M., Etenia A.: The diversity of multiethnic Dutch area corridors leading to the city square of Semarang, Indonesia. ISVS e-journal, vol. 8(1), 2021, pp. 1–22. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85101801012.
Li B., Sun Y., Liu M., Zhao S., Zhao C., Zhou W., Li C., Jiao Z.: Integrating urban morphology and land surface temperature characteristics for urban functional area classification. Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 25(2), 2022, pp. 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.2021786.