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Towards Transit‑Oriented Development for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Insights from a Central European City
Corresponding Author(s) : Jan K. Kazak
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering,
Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals require holistic actions, including activity at the intersection of urban planning and environmental engineering. Turning our cities towards transit‑oriented development might help in reducing pollutant emissions caused by individual transportation modes that rely on crude oil. This research presents how the use of geospatial network analysis can support local decision makers in the evaluation of potential public transport accessibility by citizens in the case of a Central European city ‑ Wrocław (Poland). The obtained results indicate differentiation in access to railway stations and stops, which results from pedestrian path networks and the number of entrances to railway stations. The visualization of serve area shows which parts of the city are excluded from comfortable access to public transport and in that way high‑ light where future actions should be taken.
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- Zięba Z., Dąbrowska J., Marschalko M., Pinto J., Mrówczyńska M., Leśniak A., Petrovski A., Kazak J.K.: Built environment challenges due to climate change. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 609, 2020, art. no. 012061.
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- Kisiała W., Rącka I.: Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Urban Poverty for Sustainable City Development. Sustainability, vol. 13(2), 2021, art. no. 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020858.
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- Migdał P., Roman A., Popiela‑Pleban E., Kowalska‑Góralska M., Opaliński S.: The impact of selected pesticides on honey bees. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 27, 2018, pp. 787–792. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/74154.
- Santana M.V.E., Cornejo P.K., Rodríguez‑Roda I., Buttiglieri G., Corominas L.: Holistic life cycle assessment of water reuse in a tourist‑based community. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 233, 2019, pp. 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.290.
- Ziemiańska M., Kalbarczyk R., Sobota M.: Replacement planting in the light of the polish law – an effective or token tool of environmental compensation? Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, vol. 18, no. 3, 2019, pp. 323–333. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.4188.
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- Forys I., Cymerman J.: Spatial Analysis of the Sustainable Development Level in Polish Voivodship: Dynamic Approach. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 471, 2019, art. no. 102017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102017.
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References
Zięba Z., Dąbrowska J., Marschalko M., Pinto J., Mrówczyńska M., Leśniak A., Petrovski A., Kazak J.K.: Built environment challenges due to climate change. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 609, 2020, art. no. 012061.
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Świąder M., Szewrański S., Kazak J.: Poverty Risk Index as A New Methodology for Social Inequality Distribution Assessment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 245, 2017, art. no. 072021.
Kisiała W., Rącka I.: Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Urban Poverty for Sustainable City Development. Sustainability, vol. 13(2), 2021, art. no. 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020858.
Hachoł J., Bondar‑Nowakowska E.: Aquatic plants–based risk model for assessment of ecological safety of rivers. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, vol. 22, 2016, pp. 1065–1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1138088.
Migdał P., Roman A., Popiela‑Pleban E., Kowalska‑Góralska M., Opaliński S.: The impact of selected pesticides on honey bees. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 27, 2018, pp. 787–792. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/74154.
Santana M.V.E., Cornejo P.K., Rodríguez‑Roda I., Buttiglieri G., Corominas L.: Holistic life cycle assessment of water reuse in a tourist‑based community. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 233, 2019, pp. 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.290.
Ziemiańska M., Kalbarczyk R., Sobota M.: Replacement planting in the light of the polish law – an effective or token tool of environmental compensation? Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, vol. 18, no. 3, 2019, pp. 323–333. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.4188.
Kwartnik‑Pruc A., Trembecka A.: Public Green Space Policy Implementation: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland. Sustainability, vol. 13, 2021, art. no. 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020538.
Mrówczyńska M., Skiba M., Bazan‑Krzywoszańska A., Bazuń D., Kwiatkowski M.: Social and Infrastructural Conditioning of Lowering Energy Costs and Im‑ proving the Energy Efficiency of Buildings in the Context of the Local Energy Policy. Energies, vol. 11, 2018, art. no. 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092302.
Hernik J., Noszczyk T., Rutkowska A.: Towards a better understanding of the variables that influence renewable energy sources in eastern Poland. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 241, 2019, art. no. 118075. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.118075.
Mrówczyńska M., Skiba M., Sztubecka M., Bazan‑Krzywoszańska A., Kazak J.K., Gajownik P.: Scenarios as a tool supporting decisions in urban energy policy: The analysis using fuzzy logic, multi‑criteria analysis and GIS tools. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 137, 2021, art. no. 110598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110598.
Przybyłowicz A.: The legal position of persons dependent on long‑term care in the Republic of Poland. [in:] Becker U., Reinhard H.‑J. (eds.), Long‑Term Care in Europe: A Juridical Approach, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 381–413.
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Przybyła K., Hełdak M., Kurtyka‑Marcak I.: Demand for a housing offer addressed to senior citizens in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16(4), 2019, art. no. 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224573.
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Furmankiewicz M., Hewitt R.J., Janc K., Kazak J.K.: Europeanisation of energy policy and area‑based partnerships: Regional diversity of interest in renewable energy sources in local development strategies in Poland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 609, 2020, art. no. 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/609/1/012033.
Przybyła K., Kulczyk‑Dynowska A., Kachniarz M.: Quality of Life in the Regional Capitals of Poland. Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 48, 2014, pp. 181–196. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480109.
Szewrański S., Kazak J.K.: Socio‑environmental vulnerability assessment for sustainable management. Sustainability, vol. 12(19), 2020, art. no. 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12197906.
Partnership on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT): Contribution of Transport Commitments to Global Goals on Sustainable Development: 2015 Transport Commitments Report. 2015. http://www.slocat.net/wp-content/uploads/legacy/u13/2015_transport_commitments_report_2.pdf [access: 25.03.2021].
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Lättman K., Olsson L.E., Friman M.: Development and test of the Perceived Accessibility Scale (PAC) in public transport. Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 54, 2016, pp. 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.015.
Yatskiv I., Budilovich E., Gromule V.: Accessibility to Riga Public Transport Services for Transit Passengers. Procedia Engineering, vol. 187, 2017, pp. 82–88.
Eriksson L., Garvill J., Nordlund A.M.: Acceptability of single and combined transport policy measures: The importance of environmental and policy specific beliefs. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 42, 2008, pp. 1117–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.03.006.
Milakis D., van Wee B.: For me it is always like half an hour: Exploring the acceptable travel time concept in the US and European contexts. Transport Policy, vol. 64, 2018, pp. 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.02.001.
Islam Sarker R.: ⁎A101 Surveying acceptable walking distance to different modes of local public transport in Munich area ID. Journal of Transport & Health, vol. 2, issue 2, Supplement, 2015, pp. S57–S58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2015.04.589.
Wakenshaw G., Bunn N.: How far do people walk? PTRC Transport, London 2015. https://www.wyg.com/uploads/files/news/WYG_how-far-do-people-walk.pdf [access: 20.06.2020].
Yang R., Yan H., Xiong W., Liu T.: The Study of Pedestrian Accessibility to Rail Transit Stations based on KLP Model. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 96, 2013, pp. 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.082.
Connor D.O., Harrison O.: Rail Catchment Analysis in the Greater Dublin Area. 2012. https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=beschspcon [access: 25.03.2021].
Pongprasert P., Kubota H.: TOD residents’ attitudes toward walking to transit station: a case study of transit‑oriented developments (TODs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Modern Transportation, vol. 27, 2019, pp. 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-018-0170-1.
Stead D., Schremmer C., Schmitt P.: Transit‑oriented development and sustainable urban planning. 2016. https://www.nordregio.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CASUAL-PB-2.pdf [access: 25.03.2021].
Kazak J., Szewranski S., Decewicz P.: Holistic Assessment of Spatial Policies for Sustainable Management: Case Study of Wroclaw Larger Urban Zone (Poland). [in:] Lee D., Dias E., Scholten H.J. (eds.), Geodesign by Integrating Design and Geospatial Sciences, Springer, Cham, 2014, pp. 71–85.
Stacherzak A., Hełdak M., Raszka B.: Planning documents and sustainable development of a commune in Poland. [in:] Brebbia C.A., Chon T.‑S. (eds.), Environmental Impact, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 162, WIT Press, 2012, pp. 23–34.
Forys I., Cymerman J.: Spatial Analysis of the Sustainable Development Level in Polish Voivodship: Dynamic Approach. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 471, 2019, art. no. 102017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102017.
Krajewski P., Solecka I.: Management System of Urban Landscape in Poland on the Example of Wroclaw in the Context of European Landscape Convention Implementation. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 471, 2019, art. no. 112035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/11/112035.
Belčáková I., Świąder M., Bartyna‑Zielińska M.: The Green Infrastructure in Cities as A Tool for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Slovakian and Polish Experiences. Atmosphere (Basel), vol. 10, 2019, art. no. 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090552.
Tymiński T.: Wielkogabarytowy model laboratoryjny Wrocławskiego Węzła Wodnego [Large‑Size Laboratory Model of Wrocław Hydrotechnical System]. Nauka Przyroda Technologie. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, t. 5, nr 6, 2011, pp. 1–11. http://www.npt.up-poznan.net/pub/art_5_110.pdf [access: 25.03.2021].
Kamińska J.A.: The use of random forests in modelling short‑term air pollution effects based on traffic and meteorological conditions: A case study in Wrocław. Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 217, 2018, pp. 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.03.094.
Browning R.C., Baker E.A., Herron J.A., Kram R.: Effects of obesity and sex on the energetic cost and preferred speed of walking. Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 100, 2006, pp. 390–398. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00767.2005.
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